Microbiological Corrosion in Pipelines Program
Course Syllabus
DAY 1
8:00 Basic Corrosion
- Internal and external corrosion mechanisms
- The impact of potential-current relationships and anode-cathode ratios on corrosion kinetics
- Limitations on corrosion processes and use of E-pH diagrams
- Corrosion morphology and interrelationships between corrosion forms
- Corrosion prevention by materials selection, isolation from and modification of the environment, electrical modification and impact of design.
8:45 Basic Microbiology
- Bacterial cells, their structure and growth mechanisms
- Taxonomy of microorganisms: fungi, algae, yeast and bacteria
- Cell terminology and the bacterial cell structure and morphology
9:30 – 9:45 Coffee
9:45 Biofilms
- Development of biofilms and their interactions with the substrate material
- Protein synthesis in biofilm and the distribution of active bacteria
- Effect of flow, surface roughness and deposition processes within pipelines
- The implication of biofilm development for microbial control
- The complex ecosystems on the outside of pipelines
10:30 Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB)
- The sulfur cycle
- Sulfate reduction by the SRB
- Mesophilic and thermophilic SRB and their morphology and growth
- Sulfate reduction and the importance of the hydrogenase enzyme in SRB energetics
11:00 – 11:15 Coffee
11:15Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria continued
- The development of internal SRB corrosion cells
- The development of external SRB corrosion cells (soil side corrosion)
12:00 – 1:00 Lunch
1:00 Corrosion by SRB
- Inorganic theories.of microbial corrosion
- The classic Dutch Theory and the impact of hydrogenase on corrosion processes
- Effect of ferrous iron on the corrosion rate and the formation of sulfides
- Sulfides and their interaction with bacterial activity
- The Nature Theory of SRB corrosion
- Internal and external corrosion mechanisms by SRB
2:30 – 2:45 Coffee
2:45 Examples of SRB Corrosion in Oil Production Pipelines and Storage Facilities
- Hydrotesting of new pipelines
- Seawater injection systems
- Reservoir souring
- Sweet crude oil processing systems
- Sweet crude oil pipelines
- Crude oil storage tanks
3:45 – 4:00 Coffee
4:00 Examples of SRB Corrosion in Oil Production Pipelines and Storage Facilities continued
4:30 End of Day 1
DAY 2
8:00 Examples of SRB Corrosion in Gas Production Pipelines and Storage Facilities
- Hydrotesting of new pipelines
- Limitations of growth in dry and wet gas pipelines
- Significance of pH on SRB growth
- Low pressure reticulation systems
- Wet gas storage reservoirs
8:45 External Corrosion by SRB
- The Nature of soils and corrosiveness
- Evaluating soil corrosiveness using engineering factors
- Measurement of resistivity and redox potential
- Impact of biological activity and sulphides on coatings
- Sulphide corrosion beneath intact permeable coatings
- Evaluating the presence of SRB in corrosion products
- Comparison of SRB corrosion with long line corrosion
- Corrosiveness by the different sulfides
- The use of X-ray crystallography to identify ongoing corrosion
9:30 – 9:45 Coffee
9:45 External Corrosion by SRB continued
10:30 SRB Testing and Monitoring
- SRB growth requirements and limitations in pipelines, water activity and potential
- Evaluation of SRB infestation by serial dilution using growth media
- Sampling, incubation and enumeration (most probable number)
- Alternative methods of enumeration including rapid enumeration kits
- SRB infection rating and risk assessment
- Use of iron counts and populations to rank risk to pipelines and networks
- Using bioprobes and conventional monitoring coupons
11:00 – 11:15 Coffee
11:15 SRB Testing and Monitoring continued
12:00 – 1:00 Lunch
1:00 Biocide Treatment
- Oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides
- How biocides kill bacteria, development of resistance to treatment, bacterial recovery
- Treatment of water injection systems upstream of pipelines
- Alternative approaches to water injection pipeline treatment, e.g. chlorination, UV treatment.
- Selection of biocide formulation and regime by laboratory and field testing
- Hydrotesting of new pipelines
- Treatment of crude oil pipelines
- Treatment of wet gas pipelines
- Environmental issues
2:00 – 2:15 Coffee
2:15 Pigging
- Cleaning and housekeeping pigs
- Requirement for mechanical removal of biofilm
- Deciding the frequency of pigging based on corrosion rates and SRB populations
- Precautions during pigging
3:00 – 3:15 Coffee
3:15 Prevention of External Corrosion by Cathodic Protection
- How cathodic protection works and the interaction of coating and CP
- Sacrificial and impressed CP systems
- Measuring CP potential onshore and offshore
- Modification of CP design to cope with SRB activity: effect on potential, current density, corrosion of sacrificial anodes
4:00 – 4:15 Coffee
4:15 Trends and Developments
4:30 Close of Session
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