Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pipelines Course
| December 7, 2006 |
| 7:30am |
Registration & coffee |
| 8:00am-4:45pm |
Course |
| December 8, 2006 |
| 8:00am-4:45pm |
Course |
This course is designed for pipeline company personnel in need of either a refresher or introduction to data management for pipeline integrity support and to support the risk analysis process. It will review data model types, where to locate data, how to integrate data from different sources, and how to best make this data work for you.
Although stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) is thought to be responsible for a relatively small percentage of pipeline failures each year, it continues to be a safety concern to pipeline operators and government regulatory agencies, and it must be addressed
in integrity management plans.
This course will provide a detailed description of what is known about the appearance and causes of SCC, and it will discuss various approaches to mitigating and managing the problem. Practical information on recognizing and dealing with SCC will be
presented along with descriptions of research results that have led to our current understanding of causes and methods of management.
Who Should Attend
- Pipeline engineers, designers, and service professionals who are involved with the maintenance, inspection, and repair of pipelines
- Researchers and regulatory personnel who want to be aware of the current understanding of SCC in pipelines
Lecturers
Dr. Raymond R. Fessler worked on the Pipeline Research Committee project on SCC since its inception in 1965. He personally conducted most of the early field investigations of SCC, from which he identified the major factors that cause high-pH SCC in pipelines. He also managed the laboratory portion of that program from 1965 to 1982, which added significantly to an understanding of the phenomenon and explored a number of possible solutions to the problem. For the past several years, he has been the SCC consultant for GRI and PRCI. He recently completed a comprehensive gap analysis on SCC, and he actively participated in drafting the NACE Recommended Practice on SCC Direct Assessment.
John Mackenzie is a senior pipeline specialist with Kiefner & Associates, focusing on the areas of Integrity Management Plans and Stress Corrosion Cracking. John was previously with TransCanada Pipelines for 25 years, where he was responsible for the company’s original investigation into SCC (1986-1990). This work led to the discovery of near-neutral pH SCC and identified the conditions under which it occurs. He also served as Chair of the PRCI’s SCC Subcommittee for two years.
Jerald Baccari is Pipeline Integrity Manager with Coast to Coast NDE Services. With headquarters in Houston and Calgary, Coast to Coast is focused on advanced inspection technology, software and procedures for pipeline Integrity Assessment programs, ILI and DA correlation. Jerald has been in the pipeline industry for over 30 years, the last 20 focused in SCCDA and ECDA research, anomaly verification and assessment on pipelines. Jerald’s current focus is working with operators on the development and implementation of excavation programs to ensure proper documentation and maximum correlation accuracies are achieved with ILI and DA techniques.
Documentation
Included with the course fee are detailed course notes including an extensive list of references as well as a CD containing the comprhensive 200-page Stress Corrosion Cracking Study produced in January 2005 for the US Office of Pipeline Safety.
Continuing Education Units (CEUs)
On completion of the course, participants will be awarded 1.8 CEUs.
Program
DAY 1
7.30 Coffee, registration
8am-4.30pm
Description of SCC
- Definition
- Causes
- Appearance
- Other forms of environmental-assisted cracking
History of SCC in pipelines
- High-pH SCC
- Near-neutral-pH SCC
- Internal SCC
Stages of SCC
- Pre-initiation
- Initiation
- Growth models
- Early growth
- Dormancy and re-initiation
- Late growth
- Final fracture
Test techniques to study SCC
- Accelerated testing
- Electrochemical tests
- Cracking tests
- Measuring crack growth
Environmental factors
- Field observations
- Liquid composition and concentration
- Electrochemical potential
- Temperature
Stress factors
- Field observations
- Importance of strain rate
- Cyclic loading
- Sources of stress
DAY 2 • 8AM-4.30PM
Metallurgical factors
- Pipe grade
- Steel composition
- Mechanical properties
- Microstructure
- Manufacturer
Mechanisms of SCC
- High-pH SCC
- Near-neutral-pH SCC
Likely locations for SCC
- Geographical
- Proximity to compressor or pump stations
- Proximity to other SCC
- Soil, terrain, moisture level
- Gas versus liquid pipelines
- Coating types and conditions
- Pressure history
- Corrosion history
- Pipe manufacturer
SCC detection and integrity assurance
- B31.8S
- Hydrostatic testing
- In-line inspection
- Direct assessment
DAY 3 • 8AM-4.00PM
Mitigating SCC
- Operating existing pipelines
- Designing new pipelines
- Repair methods
Integrity management plans
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